Babur -The Mughal Empire -Medieval India Part 9

Introduction India had been invaded from the west/ north-west several times over the centuries, beginning with Alexander. Various parts of north India had been ruled by foreigners like the Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushans... Read more »

Art and Architecture of Sultanate Dynasty – Medieval India Part 8

Evolution of Syncretic Culture The interaction of the Turks with the Indians had its influence in architecture, fine arts and literature. Note : Sultan Firoz Tughlaq was reputed to possess 180,000 slaves,... Read more »

Society and Administration of Sultanates – Medieval India Part 7

State and Society The Sultanate was formally considered to be an Islamic State. Most of the Sultans preferred to call themselves the lieutenant of the Caliph. In reality, however, the Sultans were... Read more »

Sayyid Dynasty and  Lodi Dynasty – Medieval India Part 6

Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451) Timur appointed Khizr Khan as his deputy to oversee Timurid interests in the Punjab marches. Khizr Khan (1414- 21) went on to seize Delhi and establish the Sayyid dynasty... Read more »

The Tughlaq Dynasty – Medieval India Part 5

The Tughlaq Dynasty Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq (1320–1324) Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq followed a policy of reconciliation with the nobles. But in the fifth year of his reign (1325) Ghiyas-uddin died. Three days later Jauna ascended... Read more »

The Khalji Dynasty – Medieval India Part 4

The Khaljis (1290-1320) Jalal-ud-din Khalji (1290-1296) As Balban’ son Kaiqubad was found unfit to rule, his three-year-old son Kaymars was placed on the throne. As there was no unanimity on the choice... Read more »