Jahangir (1605–1627) Akbar was succeeded by his son Salim with the title Nur-ud-din Jahangir. He was Akbar’s son by a Rajput wife. His ascension was challenged by his eldest son Prince Khusrau... Read more »

Emperor Akbar (1556–1605) During Humayun’s wanderings in the Rajputana desert, his wife gave birth to a son, Jalaluddin, known as Akbar, in 1542. Akbar was crowned at the age of fourteen. At... Read more »

Sher Shah and Sur Dynasty Fig : Sher Shah From the time Humayun abandoned the throne in the Battle of Kanauj to his regaining of power in 1555 Delhi was ruled by... Read more »

Humayun (1530-1540 & 1555-1556) Humayun, a cultured and learned person, was not a soldier like his father. He was faced with the problems of a weak financial system and the predatory Afghans.... Read more »

Introduction India had been invaded from the west/ north-west several times over the centuries, beginning with Alexander. Various parts of north India had been ruled by foreigners like the Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushans... Read more »

Evolution of Syncretic Culture The interaction of the Turks with the Indians had its influence in architecture, fine arts and literature. Note : Sultan Firoz Tughlaq was reputed to possess 180,000 slaves,... Read more »

State and Society The Sultanate was formally considered to be an Islamic State. Most of the Sultans preferred to call themselves the lieutenant of the Caliph. In reality, however, the Sultans were... Read more »

Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451) Timur appointed Khizr Khan as his deputy to oversee Timurid interests in the Punjab marches. Khizr Khan (1414- 21) went on to seize Delhi and establish the Sayyid dynasty... Read more »

The Tughlaq Dynasty Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq (1320–1324) Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq followed a policy of reconciliation with the nobles. But in the fifth year of his reign (1325) Ghiyas-uddin died. Three days later Jauna ascended... Read more »